Let’s make an Advanced Calculator Program in C++ (Source Code)

 

 

Introduction

Hello, coders. Welcome to codewithrandom. Today we will be learning how to make an advanced calculator using the math library of C++. A calculator is every programmer’s first program that gives the feeling of joy and achievement. 

Some of us stop after making a basic calculator while the rest make something more to it. It can be improving the UI and improving the operations. It could be anything.

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Today we will make an advanced calculator which gives us the option to perform much more than basic arithmetic operations. We can execute Trigonometric, Exponential, and Logarithmic operations, along with basic arithmetic operations.

About the UI

Now that we have a clue of what we have as a whole let’s discuss how we will implement it. I will be discussing all the parts of the program that needs explanation. 

Let’s see the image of the UI we will have after completing the compilation of the program.

 So, first, we are offered to choose the operation from the available ones. After choosing one of the choices, we give the input accordingly. We are also offered more choices in that operation if any exist.

For example, When we choose arithmetic, we can also do the required operation. After finishing an operation, we ask the user if they would like to continue or terminate the process.

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Concepts Used 

Before we go into the explanation, let’s see the concepts of C++ you should know to understand the code and replicate it.

• Switch Case — To switch between the options
• While loops — For infinite loop of switch case 
• Basics of C++ functions — To make the program seem clean and reusable for further expansions.
   

Calculator Program in C++ Code

1:
2: #include<iostream>
3: #include<cmath>
4:
5: using namespace std;
6:
7: void arithmetic(){
8: int op = 0;
9: float A = 0;
10: float B = 0;
11:
12: cout<<"Select opeartionn";
13: cout<<"[1] Additionn";
14: cout<<"[2] Substractionn";
15: cout<<"[3] Productn";
16: cout<<"[4] Divisionn";
17:
18: cin>>op;
19: cout<<"Enter the number:";
20: cin>>A;
21:
22: cout<<"Enter second number:";
23: cin>>B;
24:
25: cout<<"Result: ";
26:
27: switch(op){
28: case 1:
29: cout<<(A+B);
30: break;
31: case 2:
32: cout<<(A-B);
33: break;
34: case 3:
35: cout<<(A*B);
36: break;
37: case 4:
38: cout<<(A/B);
39: break;
40: default:
41: cout<<"Invalid operation";
42: break;
43: }
44: cout<< endl;
45: }
46:
47: void trigonometric(){
48: int op = 0;
49: float val = 0.0;
50: cout<<"Selectn";
51: cout<<"[1] Sinen";
52: cout<<"[2] Cosinen";
53: cout<<"Op: ";
54: cin>>op;
55: cout<<"Enter value: ";
56: cin>>val;
57: if(op == 1){
58: cout<<sin(val);
59: }
60: else if(op == 2){
61: cout<<cos(val);
62: }
63: else{
64: cout<<"Invalid operation";
65: }
66: cout<<endl;
67: }
68:
69: void exponential(){
70: float base = 0.0;
71: float eee = 0.0;
72:
73: cout<<"Enter base:";
74: cin>>base;
75: cout<<"Enter expnent: ";
76: cin>>eee;
77: cout<<pow(base, eee)<<endl;
78: }
79:
80: void logarithmic(){
81: float value = 0.0;
82: cout<<"Enter the value to calculate the log(e): ";
83: cin>>value;
84: cout<<log(value)<<endl;
85: }
86:
87: int main(){
88: int sel = 0;
89: char choice = 'y';
90: cout<<"Advanced Calculatorn";
91:
92: cout<<"[1] Arithmeticn";
93: cout<<"[2] Trigonometricn";
94: cout<<"[3] Exponentialn";
95: cout<<"[4] Logarithmicn";
96: cout<<"Your choice:";
97:
98: while(choice == 'y'){
99: cout<<"Enter the type of operation you want to calculaten";
100: cin>>sel;
101:
102: switch(sel){
103: case 1:
104: arithmetic();
105: break;
106: case 2:
107: trigonometric();
108: break;
109: case 3:
110: exponential();
111: break;
112: case 4:
113: logarithmic();
114: break;
115: default:
116: cout<<"Invalid Operation";
117: }
118:
119: cout<<"Do you want to continue? y/n"<<endl;
120: cin>>choice;
121: if(choice == 'n'){
122: break;
123: }
124: }
125: return 0;
126: }

Code Explanation

The main() function 

Let’s start by evaluating the main(). In the main function, we start a while loop for taking the input from the switch case. It goes on until the user enters n which stands for “no” in this case.

In the while loop, we have a switch case containing the list of mathematical operations we provide. Inside the switch case, we call the respective functions of the case, followed by taking the input for the restart of the loop. 

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The arithmetic() function
 
Inside the arithmetic() function, we provide addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations. But, why use a switch case here?

If-else and else if loops are also an option. We use switch-case because it’s made for cases where we provide multiple options to the user. In this calculator, we only operate on two inputs. So, we take two variables as input for the arithmetic operations. The rest is self-describing in that function.

The trigonometric() function
 
In general, A calculator provides the result based on the choice of degree or radians. In our calculator, we get the result as an input of radians. If we enter 30 as an input to the sine function, it considers 30 radians. So, don’t get confused thinking it is a wrong answer.

For this tutorial, we only provide two trigonometric functions sine and cosine. For the calculation of output, we directly use the sin() and cos() functions from the math.h library. 

We didn’t use a switch case here because we only need 2 cases. If you want to incorporate more then, it is better to use a switch case.

The exponential() function
 
We finished two of the primary operations. The exponential function is more of a smaller and easier-to-write function. Two things in an exponential are needed for the calculation of the result.

The base — Number should be raised or multiplied by itself for power number times.
The power — Number decides how much the base should raised and how many times to do it?

So, we take these two things from the user and calculate the exponential of the base. To do this, there is an inbuilt function called pow(base, exponent).  

As an expansion to it, if you want to challenge yourself, try to write the program for pow(base, exponent). Do share it in the comments. 

The logarithmic() function 
 
It is a straightforward function. We take the user input and calculate the log value of that value to the base ten. For clarity, this is what it means.

#image showing log function

So, one thing to note here is we are calculating only for the log to the base 10 and not any other number. Here also I would like to give a challenge. Try to write a function for the log of any base and any value. I will try to tell the answer in the coming articles.

 Conclusion
 

We have reached the end of the article but we have a lot more projects in C++ coming. It is just to start with an interesting and fun project.

If you have enjoyed the article and learned something new today, let us know in the comments. Check out some more articles here. 

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Happy Reading 🙂